(Communicative Language Teaching) is not exclusively concerned with face-to-face oral communication. The principles of CLT apply equally to reading and writing activities that involve readers and writers engaged in the interpretation, expression and negotiation of meaning; the goals of CLT depend on learner needs in a given context. CLT does not require small-group or pair work; group tasks are seen as a way of providing increased opportunity and motivation for communication. Finally, CLT does not exclude a focus on metalinguistic awareness or knowledge of rules of syntax, discourse and register appropriateness. The essence of CLT is the engagement of leaners in communication in order to allow them to develop their communicative competence.